Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. He was 83 years old. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. Mrs. A Second Wife and a Second Career. [10] His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. This is somewhat my case. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Henry married Nancy Flagler in month 1861, at age 25 at marriage place, Michigan. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida. She is next to her mother and Flagler's first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness Flagler. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. Mendez, Jesus. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. Flagler returned to Bellevue having lost his initial $50,000 investment and an additional $50,000 he had borrowed from his father-in-law and Daniel. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. Henry Flagler was John D. Rockefeller's most significant business partner at Standard Oil. I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. 101 - 123). Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . . A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. [33], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. By 1852, Henry had saved enough money to become the one-third-owner of the Harkness & Company alongside his half-brother Dan and Dan's uncle Lamon. Along with that, Henry Flagler being referred to as a 'Robber Baron' alongside businessmen like Carnegie and Rockefeller is no exaggeration. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. According to Florida historian Thomas Graham in his book The Awakening of St. Augustine, an acquaintance of the businessman once inquired about whether his judgment was sound when he decided to invest in Florida (one can imagine that they may not have been acquaintances for very long afterward). [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. [26], Its vast American empire included 20,000 domestic wells, 4,000 miles of pipeline, 5,000 tank cars, and over 100,000 employees. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. [11] The cartel received preferential treatment as a high-volume shipper, which included not just steep rebates of up to 50% for their product but also rebates for the shipment of competing products. Standard's most potent weapons against competitors were underselling, differential pricing, and secret transportation rebates. The judge instructed the jury to find them not guilty because the "prosecution had failed to prove 'an agreement of minds with evil intent to conspire'. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. Henry Flagler, who was considered the "brain" Rockefeller "Standard Oil," better known perhaps as the creator of the "American Riviera" in Florida (Standiford, pp. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. [citation needed], Although Standard Oil was a partnership, Flagler was credited as the brain behind the booming oil refining business. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. It was Henry M. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. Covert, Robert. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. 0:00. Even when a draft was issued in 1862, requiring American men 18 to 45 to join the service, Henry Flagler did not join the military. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. Henry explained: "We worked night and day, making good oil as cheaply as possible and selling it for all we could get. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. Graham, Thomas. . "[38] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. [12], Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. He even owned newspapers in Florida. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. Flagler was eighteen years older than his 35-year-old bride. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in 1830 into humble circumstances, his father a Presbyterian minister. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. Henry Morrison Flagler Museum: Very Disappointing - See 1,507 traveler reviews, 1,197 candid photos, and great deals for Palm Beach, FL, at Tripadvisor. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). In general, government officials (especially Andrew Anderson) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. It was due largely to the efforts of Henry M. Flagler and John D. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. He became known as the Father of Miami, Florida. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. 3 episodes. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. Louis Comfort Tiffany (who was about ten years into his monumental career) was hired to decorate the hotel and craft its windows. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. . Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. For about fourteen or fifteen years, I have devoted my time exclusively to business, and now I am pleasing myself.'". What kind of a man was Henry Flagler and why do you think this? Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . [citation needed][66], "Henry M. Flagler" redirects here. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. [27] In spite of the formation of the trust and its perceived immunity from all competition, by the 1880s Standard Oil had passed its peak of power over the world oil market. However, this building's history is tragic and short. Two years after his first wife died in 1881, he married again. You see, during the Gilded Age [and for far too long after it], women could be sent to a mental institution for just about anything. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. Captain of the submarine USS Watertown (SSN-696) who reluctantly helps Harm and Mac with investigations involving a boat he commanded. [11] Part of this scheme was the announcement of sharply increased freight charges. Together, the boys worked in the Harkness store for several years, where Henry eventually became a part of their sales staff. The Washington Post. He had caught the smell of opportunity in Florida and would eventually follow it all the way south to Key West. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. [25] The public and the press were immediately suspicious of this new legal entity, and other businesses seized upon the idea and emulated it, further inflaming public sentiment. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. After Mary died Henry married her nurse-caregiver, Ida Alice Shourds. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. At the time, Key West was Florida's most populous city, with a population of 20,000, and it was also the United States' deep water port closest to the canal that the U.S. government proposed to build in Panama. Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership was formed with Flagler in control of Harkness' interest. There is also a monument to him on Flagler Monument Island in Biscayne Bay in Miami; Flagler College and Flagler Hospital are named after him in St. Augustine. Sets with similar terms swee1122 It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. FLORIDA KEYS Henry Morrison Flagler never lived in the Florida Keys, but he left a more lasting and valuable mark on the island chain than many lifelong residents. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. Ida. One of Flagler's other St. Augustine Hotels, the Casa Monica, was originally built by Franklin W. Smith, who built the Villa Zorayda. When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. However, the boom did not last. July, 1975. pg. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. Timeline Sources cited Graham, T. (2014) Mr. Flagler's St. Augustine (A Florida Quincentennial Book). He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". Henry M. Flagler, in full Henry Morrison Flagler, (born January 2, 1830, Hopewell, New York, U.S.died May 20, 1913, West Palm Beach, Florida), American financier and partner of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., in establishing the Standard Oil Company. His mother, the widowed Elizabeth Caldwell (Morrison) Harkness, had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). Chandler, David Leon. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. Flager and his lawyers defeated all legal challenges and neither the company or its employees were ever convicted in court. He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. In 1853 Mary married Henry Morrison Flagler and together they were parents of three children. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. Commander John Flagler, USN. Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. The committee ultimately discovered the previously unknown scope of Standard Oil's business interests. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. Rockefeller. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. Graham, Thomas and Leslee F. Keys. The Awakening of Saint Augustine: The Anderson Family and the Oldest City: 1821-1924. 0:58. One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. As such, the salt industry was tax-exempt during the Civil War and essential employees were exempt from the draft. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. Racked with bronchitis and unable to do much for herself, Mary joined Henry in the Buckingham Hotel. By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. He served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. He was twenty-three and she was twenty and they were married in her father's home. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. When son Harry Harkness Flagler was born in December of 1870, Mary's frail health was greatly weakened by giving birth. During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. Lot of things in Florida and would eventually follow it all the South... Indian name, `` Henry M. Flagler '' redirects here press alleged especially Anderson. Exempt from the draft died ( 1861 ) [ 30 ] additional fields were discovered in Burma Java. Miami and Palm Beach, Florida also known as the father henry flagler daughter Miami and Palm Beach, is to! 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